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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people who suffer from ADHD take medication for the condition. It can improve symptoms but can also cause adverse effects. Consult your physician in the event of any adverse reactions. The most commonly prescribed medication prescribed by healthcare providers for ADHD is stimulants. These medications increase levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters that regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice to treat ADHD in adults and children is the most commonly prescribed medication. It works by increasing the activity of brain regions that regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate is also sometimes used to treat other ailments like the disorder known as narcolepsy. It can aid people suffering from the condition to stay alert and improve their ability focus and pay attention. This medication has a high abuse potential and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Following the exact dosage recommended can decrease the chance for abuse and other side effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms in some people. It can also cause worse behavior and tics for some patients suffering from Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before taking this medication, people with these conditions must tell their doctor. It's important to tell your doctor if you suffer from any other health issues or are allergic to any foods or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow dye that is found in processed foods and some medications and Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate may interact with certain medications, including opioids such as antidepressants, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) Linezolid (Zyvox) Methylene blue, Phenelzine (Nardil) or rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to avoid drinking alcohol or other stimulant drugs while taking methylphenidate. They can have a negative impact on your blood pressure and heart rate. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin), the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablets (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR -ODT) as well as the long acting chewable tablets (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla XR-ODT), contain the chemical phenylalanine. It can be a risk in the case of a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria is present. Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant medication that works with the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) which is a kind of depression that manifests during the winter months of autumn and winter. It is also utilized to aid in the cessation of smoking cigarettes by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been shown to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in a variety of studies. The pooled fixed-effect RR for week-6 improvement (using an improvement that is clinically significant of 30 percent or more on the CGI scale) is 1.14 (95% 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.37) and overall response the proportion of better subjects was 52 percent in the bupropion treatment group, compared with 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion may have serious and even life-threatening interactions when used in conjunction in conjunction with other medications. These include antidepressants and sedatives along with blood pressure medications. It may also increase the risk of seizures in those who have seizures or high blood pressure. It is also not recommended for people suffering from certain medical conditions. It is not recommended for women who are breastfeeding or pregnant. Bupropion is available in the form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available in the form of Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available as generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, also known as TCAs are a class of drugs that function by affecting brain chemicals. They were among the first antidepressants to be developed. Although they aren't considered a first-line treatment for depression but they can be effective for certain people. They work by blocking the reuptakes of dopamine and serotonin, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin that is available to neurons. They are also helpful in easing a variety of other disorders, including pain syndromes and enuresis such as fibromyalgia and the phantom leg syndrome. TCAs are effective for ADHD symptoms, whether they are prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder and reduce depression, anxiety and impulsiveness. In addition, they may assist in reducing disorders like tics, which are repeated and uncontrollable sounds or movements like clearing the throat or blinking. TCAs can trigger adverse effects, such as dry mouth and sedation, and can increase the risk of heart problems. These drugs may interact with other medications, such as anticholinergics, and should be avoided in pregnant women. They can also be teratogenic in animals and can cross the placenta. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned. There are newer antidepressants with a lower risk of adverse effects. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are a class of medications that inhibit serotonin reuptake in neurons and increase the amount of serotonin available to signal. They also reduce anxiety and the tendency to be impulsive. They are utilized to treat adhd since they can help sufferers with their symptoms and can work in conjunction with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a lower clearance from the human body. However they are extensively processed by CYP450 enzymes inside the liver. This results in variable blood levels. These medications are also prescribed to treat other disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD core symptoms. They aren't effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. SSRIs can cause a rare side effect known as sexual dysfunction. It is important to discuss this with your doctor if you are thinking about taking one of these medications. It is common for people to have to test several different kinds of ADHD medications before they discover the one that works best for them. The development and research of new medications is ongoing. It is important to disclose all the medications you are taking to your physician. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) When stimulant drugs don't work for adults with ADHD doctors typically prescribe an antidepressant known as a selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals known as norepinephrine and serotonin. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. The SNRIs are similar in their side effects to TCAs but are safer. They are prescribed for a variety of ailments like anxiety disorders, chronic pain like fibromyalgia, and nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression, too. The SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications block the reabsorption of norepinephrine in the brain that is a normal process after neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal phasic release. The increase in norepinephrine levels can improve attention and mood. Although SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, some doctors use them as a substitute for stimulants. They are usually taken as pills. However, they can also be taken in liquid form or in patches. The FDA approved a SNRI for oral use, called viloxazine or Qelbree to treat ADHD in adolescents and children in April 2021. It doesn't have the potential to be abused and therefore is not classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are used to treat anxiety and depression disorders, but they can also aid in controlling symptoms of ADHD. SNRI medications such as venlafaxine or duloxetine have been demonstrated in several studies to significantly reduce scores on different ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs can increase blood pressure or interact with certain medications. Therefore, it's important to consult a doctor before taking these medications. Additionally, improperly disposed medication can harm both people and animals. Therefore, it is essential to follow the proper disposal instructions. SSRIs and SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA to treat ADHD However, doctors are able prescribe these medications off-label. They are safe, effective and have fewer adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor regarding your child's symptoms and talk about the pros and cons of these drugs. SNRIs aren't suitable for all people. Women who are nursing or pregnant should stay clear of taking SNRIs since they could be absorbed through breast milk. Those who suffer from high blood pressure or liver issues should not be taking them, either, as they may increase their risks of developing cardiovascular problems. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people who suffer from ADHD take medication to improve their concentration and attention. Some may also notice a decrease in their impulsive behavior. Medication is usually combined with behavior therapy and training, which aid people to learn to control their symptoms. Finding the right medication for each person requires time. In this period, doctors will monitor the physical reactions of patients to find an equilibrium between the effects of side effects and the benefits. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate can increase the activity of a specific brain chemicals that control memory and concentration. They are generally safe and effective for most people, but they can cause serious adverse effects, including decreased appetite and trouble sleeping. These side effects typically disappear within a few days as your body adapts to the medication. medication for add adults and children alike can use non-stimulant drugs. They might take longer to take effect but they can enhance the ability to control impulses and concentration. These include alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine), as well as guanfacine. Antidepressants are also effective for treating ADHD. They can boost the neurotransmitter neopinephrine levels in the brain, and aid in impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion is an example an antidepressant used to treat ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” but drug makers created extended-release versions, and the FDA approved its use as treatment.